Windshield glass fragment mimicking a nasal fracture / Fragmento de parabrisas mimetizando fratura nasal / Fragmento de vidrio del parabrisas que imita una fractura nasal

A male patient with facial trauma by road traffic accident arrived in the emergency room and he was assisted by the Trauma and Neurosurgery team. After clinical evaluation a frontal sinus anterior wall fracture plus a nasal fracture were diagnosed. On the primary OMS examination was checked multiple facial lacerations and gross nasal dorsum deviation with pain, nasal airway obstruction and crepitus with clinical diagnosis of a nasal fracture. After radiologic exam a piece of windshield glass that was superimposed on the nasal bones simulating a nasal fracture was visualized. This paper presents clinical data and literature review of foreign body mimicking facial fractures(AU)

Paciente do sexo masculino com trauma facial por acidente de trânsito foi avaliado na sala de emergência e foi atendido pelas equipes de Trauma e Neurocirurgia. Após avaliação clínica, foi diagnosticada fratura da parede anterior do seio frontal e fratura nasal. No exame facial foram verificadas múltiplas lacerações faciais e desvio do dorso nasal com dor, obstrução das vias aéreas e crepitação com diagnóstico clínico de fratura nasal. Após o exame radiográfico visualizou-se fragmento de vidro do pára-brisa que estava sobreposto nos ossos nasais simulando fratura. Este artigo apresenta dados clínicos e revisão de literatura de corpo estranho, mimetizando fraturas faciais(AU)

Un paciente masculino con trauma facial por accidente de tráfico llegó a la sala de emergencia y fue asistido por el equipo de Trauma and Neurocirurgia. Después de la evaluación clínica, se diagnosticaron fracturas de la pared anterior del seno frontal más una fractura nasal. En el examen primario de OMS se verificaron múltiples laceraciones faciales y desviación neta del dorso nasal con dolor, obstrucción nasal de las vías aéreas y crepitación con diagnóstico clínico de fractura nasal. Después del examen radiológico, se visualizó un trozo de vidrio del parabrisas superpuesto a los huesos nasales que simulaba una fractura nasal. Este artículo presenta datos clínicos y revisión de la literatura de cuerpos extraños que imitan fracturas faciales(AU)

Choque séptico por infecção odontogênica em paciente com diabetes melito tipo I / Odontogenic septic shock in patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um caso de paciente com diabetes melito tipo I descompensado e infecção odontogênica severa que, apesar do tratamento, progrediu para choque séptico e óbito. Os achados clínicos e laboratoriais, diagnóstico e tratamento são apresentados e discutidos. A sepse é uma condição potencialmente fatal que ocorre quando mediadores químicos da inflamação são liberados na corrente sanguínea para combater a infecção e iniciam respostas inflamatórias sistêmicas. A sepse pode progredir para sepse severa e, finalmente, choque séptico, uma condição com altas taxas de mortalidade e pode estar associada às infecções dentárias. Infecções odontogênicas podem se disseminar para os espaços profundos do pescoço, resultando em complicações graves, especialmente em pacientes com doenças crônicas imunodepressoras. Cirurgiões-Dentistas e médicos devem ter conhecimento dos sinais e sintomas associados à condição e devem considerar o diagnóstico de sepse em pacientes com infecções odontogênicas, uma vez que o reconhecimento precoce e tratamento efetivo podem prevenir a morte.

The aim of this study is to present a case of a patient with poorly controlled type I diabetes mellitus and severe odontogenic infection that progressed to septic shock and succumbed despite therapy. Clinical and laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatment are presented and discussed. Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when chemicals mediators of inflammation are released into the bloodstream to combat the infection and trigger inflammatory multi-system responses. Sepsis can progress to severe sepsis and finally septic shock, a condition with high mortality rates and may be associated with dental infections. Odontogenic infections can spread to deep neck spaces leading to severe complications, especially in patients with chronic systemic immunocompromised diseases. Dentists and physicians must be aware of the signals and symptoms associated with the disease and should consider the diagnosis of sepsis in patients with odontogenic infection once early recognition and effective management could prevent death.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of intramandibular ameloblastoma.

Ultrasonography (US) is the diagnostic tool of choice for evaluating soft tissue lesions in the head and neck region. It is an economic, noninvasive, easily performed exam and provides real-time images, without the exposure to ionizing radiation, and contrast media is not required. It is usually believed that bone tissue constitutes an obstacle for its utilization, due to the reflection of sonographic waves. A case of mandibular intraosseous cystic pathology is reported, with utilization of US for evaluating the content of the lesion and planning the surgical procedure.

Single puncture for TMJ arthrocentesis: An effective technique for hydraulic distention of the superior joint space.

Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis is a method of flushing out the synovial fluid that is currently performed by providing a double puncture to the upper joint space. The traditional 2-needle technique has some restrictions, such as the difficulty in performing it in the presence of intra-articular adherences and in the female patients, because the space is very small. The adoption of a single-needle for fluid injection might have some advantages with respect to the traditional 2-needle approach in terms of easily, time of execution and tolerability. We describe a single needle technique and we recommend the use.

Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of parotid abscess.

Ultrasound (US) has been used as a tool for parotid abscess diagnosis and treatment. The present article aimed to report a case of 72-year-old woman with parotid abscess treated by US-guided needle aspiration and conventional surgical drainage. Along with the clinical report, indications, advantages, and limitations of the method are discussed.

Epidemiologia das infecções maxilofaciaistratadas num hospital público da cidadede São Paulo / Epidemiology of maxillofacial infections treated in a public hospital in the city of Sao Paulo

As infecções maxilofaciais são condições clínicas graves, de ocorrência relativamente comum,caracterizadas pela rápida disseminação do processo infeccioso aos tecidos adjacentes eespaços faciais da região de cabeça e pescoço. Sua causa é geralmente odontogênica. O objetivodeste estudo foi avaliar dados referentes às causas, características clínicas, manifestaçõesclínicas e eficácia do tratamento realizado em 42 pacientes admitidos com infecção maxilofacialno Departamento de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Tatuapé, São Paulo, no períodode março de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. As infecções odontogênicas (83,30/0). com predomíniodas infecções periapicais, foram as principais causas das infecções maxilofaciais. As manifestaçõesclínicas mais comuns encontradas nos registros foram o edema acentuado (97,60f0), trismo(52,40f0) e prostração (47,60f0). Os pacientes diabéticos não compensados apresentaram tempode internação maior quando comparados ao dos pacientes não diabéticos (P = 0,001). Em 76,2%dos casos, o tratamento instituído foi a drenagem cirúrgica complementada por antibioticoterapiaendovenosa e remoção da causa. De acordo com o estudo realizado, pudemos concluirque houve predomínio de infecções maxilofaciais em adultos jovens, sendo as infecções odontogênicasas principais causas. O tratamento empregado foi efetivo na grande maioria dos casos.

Maxillofacial infections are severe clinical processes of relative occurrence characterizedbya rapid spreading of the infection into the neighboring tissues and to the fascial spaces ofthe head and neck region. Its cause is predominantly odontogenic. This study aimed to assess,retrospectively, data concern to the causes, clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations andtreatment efficacy in 42 in-patients with maxillofacial infection at the Department of Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery of Hospital Tatuapé, São Paulo, from March 2005 to February 2006.The odontogenic infections (mainly the periapical infections) accounted for 83.30f0 of the maxillofacialinfections. The most common clinical manifestations were exuberant edema (97.6%),trismus (52.40f0) and prostration (47.60f0). Uncontrolled diabetic patients showed a lonqer-recoveringperiod at the hospital when compared with that of nondiabetic patients (P = 0.001). In76.20f0 of the cases, the treatment proceeding was surgical drainage coupled with antibiotic intravenoustherapy and cause resolution. Summarizing the main findings, this study showed thatmaxillofacial infections occurred mostly in young-adults, with the odontogenic infections beingtheir principal cause. The providing treatment was effective in the great majority of the cases.

Indicações de remoção de material de síntese no complexo maxilofacial: revisão sistemática de literatura / Indications for removal of synthesis material in maxillofacial complex: Systematic literature review

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática de literatura é avaliar indicações para remoção ou não do material de síntese utilizado no tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas da face. Utilizou-se para a revisão de literatura o índice ?Medline? com as palavras-chave ?facial fracture and miniplates removal?, onde foram encontrados 06 artigos publicados entre os anos de 1998 a 2007 e que apresentavam indicações para a remoção de material de síntese. As principais indicações para a remoção foram: infecção, dor, placas palpáveis e exposição. Concluiu-se que não existem estudos definitivos quanto a melhor conduta a ser tomada, cabendo ao cirurgião avaliar cada caso para definir qual a melhor conduta a ser tomada

The objective of this systematic literature review is to present justifications or not, and indications for the removal of plates and screws used in the treatment of facial fractures. It was used, for the literature revision, the index ?Medline? with the key-word ?facial fracture and miniplates removal?, we found 06 articles published from 1998 to 2007 that presented indications for the removal of synthesis material. The main indications for the removal were: infection, pain, palpable plates and plate exposure. The conclusion was that definitive studies, regarding the best conduct to be taken, still don?t exist. The surgeon must evaluate each case to define the best conduct to take

Tumor odontogênico de células granulares: [revisão] / Granular cell odontogenic tumor: [review]

Introdução: os tumores odontogênicos de células granulares são neoplasias raras que normalmente se manifestam clinicamente de maneira benigna. O tumor ocorre em uma ampla faixa etária com uma predileção pela região de caninos a molares mandibulares. Objetivo: apresentar uma revisão da literatura do tumor odontogênico de células granulares. Conclusões: o tumor não apresenta comportamento biológico agressivo, porém pode ocorrer recorrência. O tratamento é conservador, sendo a curetagem e a enucleação os procedimentos de eleição.

Introduction: the granular cell odontogenic tumors are an uncommon neoplasm with benign clinical behavior. The lesion occurs over a wide age range with a typically predilection for the mandibular canine and molar regions. Aim: present a granular cell odontogenic tumor literature review. Conclusions: the tumor don’t present an aggressive biological behavior although recurrences can occur. The lesion is treated by conservative surgery w ith curettage and enucleation as election procedures.

Atypical dento-alveolar fracture fixed with screws: a technical note.

Dento-alveolar process fracture is an important and common event in the dental office practice usually managed under the well-established protocols, but sometimes this kind of lesion is evaluated in the hospital emergency rooms without attention to the dental injuries. In this type of trauma, the time between the injury and the definitive resolution is essential for the treatment success, usually 1 h in cases of dento-alveolar fractures (tooth and alveolar bone). This paper describes the management of a patient with unusual dento-alveolar fracture caused by gunshot and treated using screw fixation.

Infecções maxilo-faciais: diagnóstico e tratamento em 42 pacientes / Maxillofacial infections: diagnosis and treatment of 42 patients

As infecções maxilo-faciais são condições clínicas graves, de ocorrência relativa comum, caracterizadas pela rápida disseminação do processo infeccioso aos tecidos adjacentes espaços fasciais da região de cabeça e pescoço, podendo resultar em complicações diversas ou mesmo levar ao óbito. Sua causa é geralmente odontogênica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar dados referentes às causas, características clínicas, manifestações clínicas e eficácia do tratamento realizado em 42 pacientes admitidos com infecção maxilo-facial no Departamentode Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital Tatuapé, São Paulo, no período de março de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. Houve predomínio de infecções maxilo-faciais em adultos jovens, afetando ambos os sexos com igual frequência. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 27,6 anos. As infecções odontogênicas (83,3%), com predomínio das infecções periapicais, foram as principais causas das infecções maxilo-faciais, havendo maior acometimento da região mandibular (78,6%). As manifestações clínicas mais comuns encontradas nos registros foram o edema acentuado (97,6%), trismo (52,4%) e prostração (47,6%). Os pacientes diabéticos não controlados apresentaram tempo de internação maior quando comparados ao dos pacientes não diabéticos (P = 0,001). Em 76,2% dos casos, o tratamento preferencialmente instituído foi a drenagem cirúrgica complementada por antibioticoterapia endovenosa eremoção da causa (exodontia ou fixação das fraturas), sendo efetiva com baixo índice de complicações. Houve apenas 1 caso de óbito decorrente de quadro clínico sistêmico desfavorável.

Maxilo-facial infections are relatively common clinical conditions, of serious outcome,usually caused by odontogenic origins. They are characterized by rapidly spread of theinfection to the adjacent structures and fascial spaces of the head and neck, leading tocomplications and occasionally death. The purpose of this study was to analyze data related toetiology, clinical findings, clinical manifestations and therapeutic efficacy in patients withmaxilo-facial infections admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of HospitalTatuapé, Sao Paulo, from March 2005 to February 2006. Maxilo-facial infections affectedmainly young adults without gender predilection. The mean age of the patients was 27.6years. The odontogenic infeccions (83.3%), mainly periapical infeccions, were the main causeof the maxilo-facial infections, affecting predominantly the mandible area (78.6%).Noncontrolled diabetic patients had longer hospital stay when compared with those of nondiabeticpatients (P = 0.001). According to patients’ records, the most common clinicalmanifestations were extensive swelling (97.6%), trismus (52.4%) and prostration (47.6%). In76.2% of the cases, surgical drainage along with parenteral antibiotics and cause resolution(exodontia or fractures fixation) was effective with low complications rate. There was onlyone case of death due to the patient’s compromised general heath.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura presenting as post-extraction hemorrhage.

AIM: The aim of this article is to present a case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in order to emphasize the importance of the clinical exam since the anamnesis leads to a diagnostic hypothesis of ITP. BACKGROUND: Acute ITP is considered an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies against platelets, antigens produced by a viral infection, or a platelet sparing drug combination. These antibodies adhere to platelets and are recognized and destroyed by the reticulo-endothelial system. Consequently, the platelet count gradually diminishes and is insufficient for the maintenance of primary hemostasis. REPORT: A 77-year-old woman presented with post-extraction intermittent bleeding. The physical examination revealed discoloration of the skin, multiple petechiae, hematomas, ecchymosis of the upper lip, bruises all over the body, gingiva that bled spontaneously, and a malformed blood clot at the extraction site of tooth #44. The hematological exams confirmed the hypothesis of ITP. The patient was immediately hospitalized in the Hematology Department of a local hospital and received platelet replacement, hydration, medication, and general care. After the spontaneous bleeding stopped, the malformed clot was removed using alveolar curettage along with a thorough cleaning of the extraction site with a 0.9% saline solution before suturing the wound and prescribing medication. After the sixth day of hospitalization, the patient presented with the following results: Hb: 12.3 mg/dL, Ht: 36.1%, and PC: 87,000 mm3. The patient was then discharged and was placed under outpatient follow-up care. SUMMARY: The importance of the clinical exam must be emphasized since the anamnesis leads to a diagnostic hypothesis of ITP and provides the dental surgeon with an opportunity to make important systemic alterations to improve the prognosis of a patient with ITP.

Severe hemorrhage during an incisional biopsy: a report of a case.

BACKGROUND: Surgical procedures under local anesthesia are routinely employed by the dentist and are susceptible to significant complications which demand immediate care from the dental professional. REPORT: This report presents a case of severe arterial hemorrhage during a simple removal of a lesion during an incisional biopsy. SUMMARY: In the event of severe arterial hemorrhage in a conventional dental office, manual compression for containing the hemorrhage and use of an adequate light source to correctly visualize the origin of the bleeding is recommended. If visible, the dental surgeon must attempt to perform vascular ligature or an occlusive suture. If the hemorrhage cannot be controlled after these measures, the patient must be transported to a hospital while continuing local compression during transit.

Epidemiology of mandibular fractures treated in a Brazilian level I trauma public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

This article reviews cases of mandibular fractures treated at the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Hospital Complex of Mandaqui (SUS/SP), which is a reference hospital complex for trauma in the northern area of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Ninety-eight patients with mandibular fractures were seen at the hospital between January and December, 2001. Out of this total, 91 cases whose files were deemed adequate in terms of data accuracy and completeness were reviewed. The following data were collected for the study: age, gender, etiology, anatomical fracture site, treatment modality, relation to other facial bone fractures, hospitalization time and posttrauma complications. Motorcycle accident was the major cause of mandibular fractures followed by physical aggression and height fall. The mandibular anatomical sites of higher fracture incidence were: body, symphysis and condyle. The most commonly performed treatment modes were conservative approach or open reduction and intraosseous fixation. In conclusion, motorcycle accidents were associated with a larger number of facial fractures and most predominantly affect 21-30 year-old males. On the average, motor vehicle accident victims had more (and more severe) fractures than physical aggression victims. Complications were mostly associated with angle fractures and hospitalization period. Polytraumatized patients presented greater morbidity for complications.

Epidemiology of mandibular fractures treated in a Brazilian level I Trauma Public Hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

This article reviews cases of mandibular fractures treated at the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Hospital Complex of Mandaqui (SUS/SP), which is a reference hospital complex for trauma in the northern area of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Ninety-eight patients with mandibular fractures were seen at the hospital between January and December, 2001. Out of this total, 91 cases whose files were deemed adequate in terms of data accuracy and completeness were reviewed. The following data were collected for the study: age, gender, etiology, anatomical fracture site, treatment modality, relation to other facial bone fractures, hospitalization time and posttrauma complications. Motorcycle accident was the major cause of mandibular fractures followed by physical aggression and height fall. The mandibular anatomical sites of higher fracture incidence were: body, symphysis and condyle. The most commonly performed treatment modes were conservative approach or open reduction and intraosseous fixation. In conclusion, motorcycle accidents were associated with a larger number of facial fractures and most predominantly affect 21-30 year-old males. On the average, motor vehicle accident victims had more (and more severe) fractures than physical aggression victims. Complications were mostly associated with angle fractures and hospitalization period. Polytraumatized patients presented greater morbidity for complications.

O artigo tem como objetivo revisar casos de fraturas de mandíbula atendidos no Serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial do Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui (SUS/SP), hospital de referência para trauma na região norte de cidade de São Paulo. De janeiro a dezembro de 2001, foram atendidos 98 pacientes com fraturas de mandíbula no hospital. Dentre estes, 91 casos que dispunham de dados suficientes em prontuários foram analisados. Para o estudo foram considerados: idade, gênero, etiologia, local anatômico da fratura, modalidade de tratamento, relação com fraturas de outros ossos faciais, tempo de hospitalização e complicações. Acidente motociclístico foi a principal causa de fraturas mandibulares, seguido de agressão e queda de altura. Os três locais anatômicos de maior incidência foram: corpo, sínfise e côndilo. O modo de tratamento consistiu de abordagem conservadora ou redução aberta e fixação interna. Conclui-se que acidentes motociclísticos estão associados a um maior número de fraturas mandibulares com predominância em homens de 21 a 30 anos. Vítimas de acidentes com veículos apresentaram, em média, mais fraturas do que vítimas de agressões. As complicações mostraram-se associadas ao maior período de hospitalização e fraturas de ângulo mandibular, e tiveram maior incidência em pacientes politraumatizados.

Oral myiasis treated with ivermectin: case report.

Oral myiasis is a rare pathology and a risk to the patient's life. Conventional treatment is mechanical removal of the larvae (maggots) one by one, which is painful, distressing, and embarrassing both to the patient and to the dentist. We present a case report of a patient with cerebral palsy that had oral myiasis treated successfully with ivermectin. The use of this antibiotic in humans, its mechanism of action and indications are discussed.

Oral myiasis treated with ivermectin: case report

Miíase bucal é patologia raramente descrita e que oferece risco de morte ao paciente. O tratamento convencional é a remoção mecânica das larvas uma a uma que é dolorido, constrangedor e repugnante tanto ao paciente quanto ao dentista. Apresentamos relato de caso de paciente portadora de paralisia cerebral que teve miíase bucal tratada com ivermectina. O uso deste antibiótico em humanos, o mecanismo de ação, assim como suas indicações são revisados.